The role of nicotine, cotinine and caffeine on the electrochemical behavior and bacterial colonization to cp-Ti

By Valentim A.R. Bar
Published in Materials Science and Engineering: C NULL 2015

Abstract

Although smoking promotes deleterious effect to bone healing, there is a lack of study investigating its role on the implant structure and biofilm growth. We hypothesized that nicotine, cotinine and caffeine would impair the corrosion resistance of commercially-pure titanium (cp-Ti) and would enhance Streptococcus sanguinis biofilm growth. Neither the smoking products nor the caffeine affected the corrosion tendency (P > .05) and the oxide layer resistance (P = .762) of cp-Ti. Lower capacitance values were noted in the presence of nicotine (P = .001) and cotinine (P = .0006). \SEM\ showed no pitting corrosion, and the \EDS\ spectra did not differ among groups. Nicotine (300 ?g/mL) induced higher surface roughness (P = .03) and greater surface change of cp-Ti. Nicotine at 3 ?g/mL, and cotinine at 0.3 and 3 ?g/mL increased the number of viable cells (P < .05). Biofilm exposed to nicotine (0.3, 3 and 30 ?g/mL) (P = .025, .030, .040, respectively) and cotinine (3 and 30 ?g/mL) (P = .027, .049, respectively) enhanced carbohydrate content. Biofilm biomass and protein content were similar among groups (P > .05). These findings suggest a greater biofilm accumulation in smokers, a risk factor that may lead to peri-implantitis.

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