Carbon nanofoam paper enables high-rate and high-capacity Na-ion storage

By DeBlock, Ryan H.; Ko, Jesse S.; Sassin, Megan B.; Hoffmaster, Ashley N.; Dunn, Bruce S.; Rolison, Debra R.; Long, Jeffrey W.
Published in Energy Storage Materials 2019

Abstract

Carbon nanofoams (CNF) fabricated within carbon-fiber paper are investigated as negative electrodes for electrochemical Na-ion storage. In electrolyte-limited half-cell testing vs. sodium metal, these freestanding, ultraporous electrode architectures deliver specific capacity >200 mA h gCNF?1 at a 1C rate and >150 mA h gCNF?1 at 10C. The outstanding charge-storage capacity is a consequence of the high defect concentration inherent to the amorphous carbon nanofoam, which maximizes a capacitively controlled sodiation mechanism, while the through-connected pore structure of the CNF facilitates high-rate capability. We also compare the electrochemical performance of two pore

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